How to Measure
Use a digital caliper for precision. Measure each border from the card's printed image edge to the physical card edge, perpendicular to the border.
Worst Axis Rule
Of your two axes (L/R and T/B), the worst ratio is used to determine centering. A 52/48 L/R with a 70/30 T/B gives you a 70/30 score for that face.
PSA Back Tolerance
PSA is uniquely lenient on card backs — up to 75/25 still qualifies for a Gem Mint 10. Most other graders require 55/45 or better on both faces.
BGS / Pristine Note
BGS uses 9.5 as Gem Mint. A BGS 10 "Pristine" demands 50/50 on both faces — effectively perfect centering. Extremely rare in modern cards.